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sangam literature

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A carved hero stone (nadukal) on display at the Tirunelveli Government Museum, Tamil Nadu
ArchaeologyAugust 4, 20269 min readEvergreen

The Forgotten Gods by the Roadside

Scattered across Tamil Nadu are thousands of nadukal — stones raised for warriors killed defending cattle or village, then ritually turned into gods. Here's what the inscriptions, the six-stage consecration ritual, and the class divide behind them actually show.

ancient historyarchaeologyhero stoneshistory
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