Industry is excellent at research with a measurable operational payoff. The harder gap appears when effects are delayed, cumulative, distributed across society, and difficult for any one firm to own.
critical thinkingevidencepolitical economypublic health
The absence of a 2G-scale scandal is usually read as evidence that things improved. But the concentration measures kept rising through the quiet years, and the largest political-funding channel of the period was anonymous by statute — which is exactly why it never produced a scandal.
Modern justice systems prioritize downstream punishment over upstream prevention, a strategy that consistently fails. This piece examines why societies invest in reactive measures rather than addressing root causes of harm.